https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2022.1101
Spatial variability of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus transmission in a province in the Brazilian Rainforest: An ecological study
Submitted: 20 April 2022
Accepted: 10 September 2022
Published: 29 November 2022
Accepted: 10 September 2022
Abstract Views: 667
PDF: 582
HTML: 14
HTML: 14
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
The mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a serious public health problem in the Brazilian Rainforest. This study aimed to spatially analyze this type of infection between 2007 and 2018 in Pará, which is the second-largest Brazilian state in the Brazilian Rainforest and also has the highest MTCT of HIV in Brazil. We analyzed the incidence rates of HIV (including the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) by MTCT as the main route of infection in children younger than 13 years old and whose mothers live in Pará. We employed spatial autocorrelation, spatial scanning, and geographic-weighted spatial regression techniques. In the period of this study, 389 new HIV/AIDS were noted, with territorial expansion of the incidence rates in the municipalities in northern and southern Pará having the highest rates. São Francisco do Pará had high spatial risk and high-spatiotemporal risk clusters comprising municipalities in western and south-western Pará between 2013 and 2016. The spatial variability of HIV/AIDS incidence rates was found to be common in the number of men and women with formal jobs; unemployed ≥18 years old people; elementary school pupils; and families enrolled in the “Single Registry for Social Programs”. The social equity approach in Pará guarantee pregnant women access to preventive, diagnostic and treatment health services and their children should be supported to eliminate the MTCT of HIV in Pará.
Aagaard-Hansen J, Chaignat CL, 2010. Neglected tropical diseases: equity and social determinants in Equity, social determinants and public health programmes, Blass E, Kurup AS, editors. Geneva: World Health Organization, 291 pp.
Belato DT, Mekiso AB, Begashaw B, 2017. Male Partners Involvement in Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Services in Southern Central Ethiopia: In Case of Lemo District, Hadiya Zone. AIDS Res Treat, 1-8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8617540
Bick MA, Ferreira T, Sampaio CO, Padoin SMM, Paula CC, 2018. Profile of infected pregnant women and children exposed to HIV at a specialized service in the South of Brazil. Rev Bras Saúde Mater Infant 18:791-801.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-93042018000400007
Brasil Ministry of Health, 2021. Ministério da Saúde. Secretária de VigilânciaemSaúde. BoletimEpidemiológico: HIV/Aids. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde. Available from: http://www.aids.gov.br/pt-br/pub/2021/boletim-epidemiologico-hivaids-2021
Brasil Ministry of Health, 2022. Ministério da Saúde do Brasil - PORTARIA GM/MS Nº 715, DE 4 DE ABRIL DE 2022. Available from: https://www.in.gov.br/web/dou/-/portaria-gm/ms-n-715-de-4-de-abril-de-2022-391070559
Brasil Ministry of Health. Ministério da Saúde. Departamento de Doenças de Condições Crônicas e Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis, 2022. Available from: http://www.aids.gov.br/pt-br/acesso_a_informacao/servicos-de-saude?field_end_servicos_disponiveis_tid=All&field_endereco_tipo_tid=All&province=PA
Darteh EKM, Abraham SA, Seidu AA, Chattu VK, Yaya S, 2021. Knowledge and determinants of women's knowledge on vertical transmission of HIV and AIDS in South Africa. AIDS Res Ther 18:40.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12981-021-00367-7
Dlamini P, Mokoboto-Zwane TS, 2019. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with post-natal PMTCT in breastfeeding mothers living with HIV. Int J Afr Nurs Sci 11:100150.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2019.100150
Domingues RMSM, Saraceni V, do Carmo Leal M, 2018. Mother to child transmission of HIV in Brazil: Data from the “Birth in Brazil study”, a national hospital-based study. PLoS One 13:e0192985.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192985
FAPESPA, 2021. Anuário Estatístico do Pará 2021. Available from: https://www.fapespa.pa.gov.br/sistemas/anuario2021/tabelas/social/5.5-saude/tab-5.5.11-percentual-de-nascidos-vivos-com-7-ou-mais-consultas-pre-natal-2016-a-2020.htm
Garnelo L, Lima JG, Soares E, Rocha C, Herkrath FJ, 2018. Access and coverage of Primary Health Care for rural and urban populations in the northern region of Brazil. Saúde Debate 42:81–99.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-11042018s106
Goga A, Singh Y, Jackson D, Pillay Y, Bhardwaj S, Chirinda W, Hayashi C, Essajee S. 2019. Is elimination of vertical transmission of HIV in high prevalence settings achievable? BMJ 364:1687.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l687
Guimarães MF, Lovero KL, de Avelar JG, Pires LL, de Oliveira GRT, Cosme EM, Salviato CM, Oliveira TRD, Cabrera NB, Cardoso CAA, 2019. Review of the missed opportunities for the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV in Brazil. Clinics 74:e318.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2019/e318
IBGE, 2021. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – Cidades – Pará, 2010. Available from:
IER. Instituto Edson Royer, 2022. Available from: https://prosas.com.br/empreendedores/52946-instituto-edson-royer?locale=en
Levin KA, 2006. Study design VI – Ecological studies. Evid Based Dentist 7:108.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ebd.6400454
Lliyasu Z, Galadanci HS, Muhammad B, Yadudu FZ, Kwaku AA, Salihu HM, Alyiu MH, 2020. Correlates of HIV-Positive Fathers' Involvement in Prevention of Mother-to-child Transmission Programs in Northern Nigeria. Curr HIV Res 18:443-457.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1570162X18666200810133347
Lovero, KL,OliveiraTRD,Cosme EM, Cabrera NB, Guimarães MF, Avelar JG, Oliveira GRT, Salviato CM, Douglass-Jaimes G, Cruz MLS, João EC, Barros ACMW, Pone MVS, Gomes IM, Riley LW, Cardoso CAA, 2018. Retrospective analysis of risk factors and gaps in prevention strategies for mother- to-child HIV transmission in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BMC Public Health 18:1110.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-6002-8
McCoy SI, Fahey C, Buzdugan R, Mushavi A, Mahomva A, Padian NS, Cowan FM, 2016 Targeting elimination of mother-to-child HIV transmission efforts using geospatial analysis of mother-to-child HIV transmission in Zimbabwe. AIDS 30:1829–37.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000001127
Miranda AE, Freitas FLS, Passos MRL de, Lopez MAA, Pereira GFM, 2021. [Políticas pública seminfecções sexualmente transmissíveis no Brasil]. [Article in Portuguese] Epidemiol Serv Saúde 30:e2020611.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1679-4974202100019.esp1
Momenyan S, Kavousi A, Poorolajal J, Momenyan N, 2018. Spatial inequalities and predictors of HIV/AIDS mortality risk in Hamadan, Iran: a retrospective cohort study. Epidemiol Health 40:e2018038.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2018038
Rebnord T, Østbye T, Mmbaga BT, chome B, Lie RT, Daltveit AK, 2017. Time trends in management of HIV-positive pregnant women in Northern Tanzania: A registry-based study. PLOS One 12:e0184362.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0184362
SESPA. Secretaria de Saúde do Pará – Plano de Ação Rede Cegonha 2011 – 2014. Available from: http://www.sopape.com.br/data/conteudo/arquivos/z65PlanodeAcaoRedeCegonha.pdf
SESPA. Secretaria de Saúde do Pará. Agência Pará. Available from: https://agenciapara.com.br/noticia/21505/.
SICLOM. Sistema De Controle Logístico De Medicamentos, 2022. Available from: http://azt.aids.gov.br
Suryavanshi N, Kadam A, Kanda S, Sivalenka S, Kumar VS, Harvey P, Gupta R, Hegde A, Gupte N, Gupta A, Bollinger RC, Shankar A, 2018. Challenges and opportunities for outreach workers in the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) program in India. PLOS One 13:e0203425.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203425
Trindade LNM, Nogueira LMV, Rodrigues ILA, Ferreira AMR, Corrêa GM, Andrade NCO, 2021. HIV infection in pregnant women and its challenges for the prenatal care. Rev Bras Enferm 74:e20190784.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0784
UNAIDS, 2011. Global plan towards the elimination of new infections in children by 2015 and keeping mothers alive: 2011–2015. Available from: http://www.zero-hiv.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Global-Plan-Elimination-HIV-Children-Eng.pdf
UNICEF, 2021. Elimination of mother-to-child transmission. Available from: https://data.unicef.org/topic/hivaids/emtct/
Waruru A, Achia TNO, Muttai H, Ng’ang’a L, Zielinski-Guttierrez E, Ochanda B, Katana A, Young PW, Tobias JL, Juma P, Cock KM, Tylleskär T, 2018. Spatio-temporal trend for mother-to-child transmission of HIV up to infancy and during pre-Option B+ in Western Kenya, 2017-13. PeerJ 6:e4427.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4427
How to Cite
Quadros Santos, M. M. ., Gomes do Carmo, B. A., Barbosa Rodrigues, T., Leite Dias, B. R. ., Abreu Martins, C., Oliveira Naiff Ferreira, G. R., Tavares Parente, A. ., Yollete Urbano Pauxis Aben-Atha, C. ., Isse Polaro, S. H. ., & Pinheiro Botelho, E. (2022). Spatial variability of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus transmission in a province in the Brazilian Rainforest: An ecological study. Geospatial Health, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2022.1101
Copyright (c) 2022 the Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.
